The primary goal of anterior lumbar fusion surgery is to relieve pressure on either the nerve roots or spinal cord and/or treat an unhealthy disc in the lumbar spine through a surgical approach through the front of the body.
The anterior lumbar fusion is performed with a general or vascular surgeon to help with exposure. A 2-3 inch transverse incision is made on the lower abdomen. The anterior organs and blood vessels require some retraction to gain access to the spine. Dr. Paul then uses an instrument to remove the disc and restore normal alignment to the spine. A cage filled with material engineered to grow bone. This may be cadaver bone and/or other materials like bone morphogenic protein.
The cage is specifically sized to restore as much normal alignment as possible. Dr. Paul typically plans for potential sizes and realignment before surgery. He also uses live intraoperative technology to monitor realignment during surgery as well.
Dr. Paul will sometimes apply screws and/or a plate to help fix the cage in place. Depending on your situation, he may have to perform surgery from the back as well.
Your implants are MRI compatible and are not known to set off metal detectors.
We have attempted to define the more common risks of surgery under each of the procedures outlined. It is impossible to outline all potential poor outcomes, but we have attempted to do so in good faith. It has not been formed as legal protection for us – only to better inform you. Please read them thoroughly.
Infections are a known complication of lumbar surgery. Infection rates are more associated with smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, obesity as well as other health factors. Less invasive and shorter procedures also have lower complication rates. Infections requiring additional surgery are extremely rare in Dr. Paul’s practice.
Bleeding can be a serious complication since blood accumulation can compress the spinal cord or nerve roots. For that reason we require discontinuing blood thinners, some anti-inflammatories and all herbal medications.
Spinal Leaks are a known complication in spine surgery but typically can be managed. They occur approximately 3 to 5% of the time They can be the result of adherent bone, disc, ligament or scar tissue to the dura and the membrane surrounding your nerves or spinal cord. They are far more associated with revision surgery, severe nerve compression and advanced age. If this occurs, we typically repair the leak during your operation. You may be required to lay flat for a short period of time afterwards. Late presenting or persisting spinal leaks can require additional surgery. Spinal leaks typically do not affect long term outcomes.
With proper post-operative activity, therapy and positive mindset, people lose minimal function with a short lumbar fusion. The goal is for improved overall function with surgery. The degree to which people notice a loss of motion is very subjective and individual. From a mechanical perspective, you lose some motion with any fusion. The question becomes how your remaining levels and joints compensate to retain your function and everyday lifestyle.
Dr. Paul’s team rarely relies on braces and extensive immobilization. The instrumentation and current spinal techniques generally create enough stability to allow the bones to fuse. As a result, we allow people to move sooner after surgery. If necessary, we typically order physical therapy after your two-week visit with Sienna or Kevin. Exceptions would include fusions involving four or more levels and people with osteopenia.
Because of the risk of bleeding we require you come off the following medications for at least ten days prior to surgery. You may need to get clearance from the prescribing physician to allow a pause in these medications.
Suggestions for choosing your coach..
Be sure to keep the wound dry by changing the dressings at least once a day, more if needed. Your incision may drain for the first week or so after surgery. This is common and expected and should lessen as you get further out from surgery.
Regular dressing changes will prevent problems. A wet dressing will breakdown the healing skin and may lead to delayed healing and possibly infection. You may shower 72 hours after surgery, but you must keep the wound dry. If you cannot keep the wound dry, please take a sponge bath until your first postoperative visit to discuss. Concerning signs include foul smelling drainage and a “tomato red” wound.
Naturally, once anesthetics have worn off, pain will become increasingly evident in the areas involved in a surgical procedure. You may not have much incisional pain after surgery because there is local anesthesia injected at the time of surgery. This will wear off in the evening. We recommend you use the pain medicine prescribed or muscle relaxant to avoid the potential for getting behind your pain.
We strongly recommend implementing the use of MyDMGHealth to contact the office. Laura and our staff monitor the messages during business hours.
You may still experience some of your pre-operative pain or symptoms.
This is because the nerves can take a long time to heal and may still be sensitive immediately after surgery. As healing progresses and the initial inflammatory phase as surgery resolves, the nerve irritations will resolve. This may take weeks to months in certain circumstances. This is why we follow our patients up to a year after surgery.
The use of pain medicines can, and most likely will, cause constipation.
If you are prone to constipation, make sure your bowels are soft and moving regularly prior to surgery for several days. Some patients will start a clear liquid diet the day before. It is especially important that you have a bowel movement within 48 hours after surgery. Opioid medications in particular are associated with constipation, and patients should look into taking a stool softener such as docusate, and a fiber laxative such as psyllium to facilitate normal bowel movements.
Nausea and Vomiting.
If you are prone to nausea and vomiting, please let the anesthesiologist know the day of surgery. Current anesthetic practices have drastically improved these issues, but additional precautions may help. Also, Dr. Paul’s team will avoid medications that may cause nausea and vomiting for you.
Infection.
Although uncommon, wounds can become infected following any operation. Redness and warmth accompanying unusually painful incisions are suggestive of infection, as well as oozing of the incision site. Risk of deep infection within the first 2 weeks after surgery is rare. If you develop a sustained fever over 101 or if you experience malodorous drainage or the incision turns deep red and sensitive to touch please contact our office. Notify your physician immediately if any of these symptoms occur please call or message us using the MyDMG app.
We often talk to patients about the first two weeks being the most difficult after a lumbar fusion. The first 2 days are the hardest in that 2-weeks. Although anterior fusions may have less back pain than traditional fusions, they can have some abdominal discomfort. The more generally active you are the more the muscle soreness improves. Please do not just lay in bed.
In the early weeks, gradually increase activities. Remain on your feet for more extended periods and improve your walking distances. You may return to a sedentary job in as little as 2-3 weeks but with no bending, twisting, or lifting more than 10 pounds. Sit only in chairs with good lumbar support.
You may start a regular aerobic activity such as vigorous walking, stairmaster, or low impact aerobic exercise classes if allowed after the first follow up appointment. This is typically within 2-3 weeks. Once you are off of any narcotic pain killers, you are free to drive from our standpoint.
After the first six weeks, we typically decrease restrictions. If you were given a brace, it is typically no longer required, and we allow for more bending or twisting as required for normal everyday activities.
We will often raise the lifting restriction to 20 to 30 pounds. You may return to light duty or physical labor if pain-free and allowed by your surgeon—with minimal bending or twisting. We do not recommend returning to work if you commute more than one hour each way. You may swim after six weeks. Continue your physical therapy exercise program. You may be shown specific therapeutic exercises at your six-week visit.
The use of a lumbar brace is often used with an instrumented fusion (use of spacer implant, screws and rods). This bracing is typically for 6-weeks only, which usually aligns with the second post-op visit. The brace is to be worn anytime you are standing, sitting or walking greater than a few minutes. If you need to get up to briefly use the washroom, you may do so without the brace on. You do not need to use the brace while bathing or sleeping.
The use of a lumbar brace is often used with an instrumented fusion (use of spacer implant, screws and rods). This bracing is typically for 6-weeks only, which usually aligns with the second post-op visit. The brace is to be worn anytime you are standing, sitting or walking greater than a few minutes. If you need to get up to briefly use the washroom, you may do so without the brace on. You do not need to use the brace while bathing or sleeping.
The most dramatic changes will take place in the first eight weeks after surgery. Even if you experience some of your pre-op pain during this time, you should not be too concerned. We follow our patients for a year post-op knowing the nerves may take a long time to heal. Most feel significantly better after the first week or two.
It is not uncommon to experience your post-operative pain. The nerves are still sensitive once pressure is taken off them and it may take time for them to heal.
You may not have much incisional pain after surgery because there is local anesthesia injected at the surgery time. This will wear off in the evening. We recommend using the pain medicine prescribed or muscle relaxant to avoid the potential for getting behind your pain.
Some of our patients may benefit from physical therapy after surgery. Kevin and Sienna will likely order this for you in 2 or 6 weeks if necessary. We prefer to send you to physical therapists with specific emphasis on spine and in your immediate area.
Our “partner” physical therapists understand Dr. Paul’s protocols and surgeries. If you live outside our area, or out of state, we will work with your local therapists on a case by case basis.
Access Dr. Paul’s Curated Rehab & Physical Therapy Video Library.
Some of our patients may benefit from physical therapy after surgery. Kevin and Sienna will likely order this for you in 2 or 6 weeks if necessary. We prefer to send you to physical therapists with specific emphasis on spine and in your immediate area.
Our “partner” physical therapists understand Dr. Paul’s protocols and surgeries. If you live outside our area, or out of state, we will work with your local therapists on a case by case basis.
For our more athletic patients we have a number of videos and protocols to regain your full function. You MUST be cleared by Dr. Paul, Kevin or Sienna before pursuing any of these workout routines. Not everyone is suited for these. We often require your therapist to transition you to workouts like these before having you work independently. Most of these videos provide a foundational basis for athletic activity.
For our more athletic patients we have a number of videos and protocols to regain your full function. You MUST be cleared by Dr. Paul, Kevin or Sienna before pursuing any of these workout routines. Not everyone is suited for these. We often require your therapist to transition you to workouts like these before having you work independently. Most of these videos provide a foundational basis for athletic activity.
Dr. Paul is on the cutting-edge of minimally invasive spinal surgery. He is recognized for his work and serves as the founding surgeon of DuPage Medical Group’s Spine Center.
DAY OF SURGERY INFORMATION
Drive to the South parking garage. Free Valet parking is available during business hours. If you self-park, take the elevator from the garage to the first floor to enter the main hospital lobby. Wheelchairs are available if needed. Take the D elevator to the 2nd floor. Proceed to the Surgical and Endoscopy Check-In Desk. Here you and your family will be checked in and escorted to the Pre-op Area to be prepared for surgery. Up to two family members may wait with you until you are taken to surgery. Your family may then wait in the Surgical Waiting room until notified by the surgeon that the surgery has been completed. A receptionist will take down contact information so that your family may be easily reached to speak with Dr. Paul. Complimentary coffee is available for your family while in the Surgical Waiting room. The cafeteria and gift shop are on the ground floor in the North area of the hospital and the coffee shop is in the South area of the hospital for your family’s convenience.
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In the preoperative room you will be prepared for surgery. The team will be checking your vital signs, starting your IV, validating your medications, health history, lab results and any follow up for additional testing needed. At this time, they will obtain your consent for surgery and answer any questions you may still have. Your anesthesiologist will see you and your family prior to your surgery. Dr. Paul, Adam or Kevin will mark your surgical site. You will be escorted to the operating room by cart. Your family can wait in the surgical waiting room. Dr. Paul will call them when surgery is completed. If he can not reach them, he will leave a message with the Patient Liaison. Following surgery you will be taken to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) where you will recover for an hour or more. During this time, pain and nausea control will be established and your vital signs will be monitored frequently.
SUGGESTIONS FOR CHOOSING YOUR COACH
Choose someone that will be able to attend your therapy session(s) and be with you in your home for the first 3 days after surgery. Having support at home is important for your safety and is required for you to participate in our outpatient program. You will also need to make sure your Coach is available to you for the next 7-10 days for additional help and to drive you to physical therapy appointments and post-operative visits with your surgeon.